The following is provided merely as a caution and does not mean a nuclear attack is imminent. The DEFCON Warning System always advises the public to be prepared in the event of an emergency.

As tensions escalate between India and Pakistan, concerns over the unthinkable—nuclear conflict—are again surfacing. While most military standoffs stop short of full-scale war, history reminds us that it only takes one miscalculation to change everything. In the unlikely but catastrophic event of a nuclear exchange between these two nations, civilian preparedness becomes not just wise, but potentially life-saving.

This guide outlines practical steps citizens in both countries can take now to improve their odds of survival if a nuclear war were to break out.

1. Understand the Threat

India and Pakistan collectively hold over 300 nuclear warheads. Major cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Islamabad, and Karachi would likely be primary targets in a first-strike scenario. A single warhead could kill hundreds of thousands instantly and leave long-term radiation hazards behind.

But most people will not be in a blast zone. For them, survival depends largely on preparation and response in the crucial hours and days following an attack.

2. Prepare a Nuclear Emergency Kit

Basic supplies can mean the difference between life and death. Every household should prepare an emergency kit including:

• Drinking water: At least 3 liters per person per day for 7 days
• Non-perishable food: High-calorie items such as energy bars, canned food, and dry grains
• Medical supplies: First-aid kit, necessary medications, potassium iodide (to reduce radiation uptake)
• Protective gear: N95 masks, plastic sheeting, duct tape (for sealing doors/windows)
• Communication tools: Battery-powered or hand-crank radio, extra batteries, power banks
• Identification and documents: Photocopies of ID, insurance, and property papers sealed in plastic

3. Know Where to Shelter

The most important thing to do during a nuclear attack is take shelter immediately, ideally underground or in a central part of a concrete building—the farther from outside walls, the better. Basements and subway stations are ideal if accessible. Avoid sheltering in cars, wooden homes, or structures with large windows.

Stay inside for at least 24 to 72 hours unless directed otherwise by authorities. Fallout radiation drops by about 90% after 72 hours. Tune in to local news or emergency broadcasts for updates.

4. Seal Your Shelter

To reduce exposure to radioactive fallout, seal your shelter as best as possible:

• Close all windows and doors
• Use duct tape and plastic sheeting to seal gaps and vents
• Turn off ventilation systems
• Cover cracks under doors with wet towels

5. Stay Informed but Avoid Panic

During a crisis, misinformation spreads rapidly. Rely on official government alerts, reputable media, or shortwave radio to monitor the situation. Keep a notebook to record instructions, times, and any symptoms you or your family experience.

6. Protect Against Fallout

If you were outdoors during the explosion or fallout, change clothes immediately and shower thoroughly using soap and water—do not use conditioner, as it can bind radioactive particles to hair. Place contaminated clothing in a sealed plastic bag away from your living area.

If water is unavailable, use moist towelettes and avoid rubbing your skin too hard.

7. Have a Family Emergency Plan

Establish a clear plan with your family:

• Agree on a meeting point in case you’re separated
• Know the locations of nearby shelters
• Teach children how to use emergency supplies
• Make sure everyone memorizes at least one emergency contact number

8. Long-Term Considerations

While surviving the initial attack is critical, longer-term challenges—like food shortages, infrastructure collapse, or ongoing radiation risks—must also be considered. Urban populations may need to consider relocation to safer rural areas if advised by authorities.

Final Thoughts

A nuclear exchange between India and Pakistan would be a tragedy beyond measure. However, individual preparedness can dramatically increase your chance of survival, particularly outside direct blast zones. While governments and international actors work to prevent such escalation, ordinary citizens can and should take action now—quietly, calmly, and urgently.